Does The Family Recieving A Service Dog Need To Fit A Criteria

(Printer-friendly PDF version | 555 KB)
(Large Print PDF version| 565 KB)

Service Animals and Emotional Support Animals

Where are they allowed and under what weather condition?

Jacquie Brennan
Vinh Nguyen (Ed.)
Southwest ADA Heart
A programme of ILRU at TIRR Memorial Hermann

Foreword

This transmission is dedicated to the memory of Pax, a devoted guide dog, and to all the handler and dog teams working together across the nation. Guide dogs make it possible for their handlers to travel safely with independence, freedom and dignity.

Pax guided his handler faithfully for over x years. Together they negotiated countless busy intersections and safely traveled the streets of many cities, large and minor. His skillful guiding kept his handler from injury on more than one occasion. He accompanied his handler to business meetings, restaurants, theaters, and social functions where he conducted himself as would whatever highly-trained guide canis familiaris. Pax was a seasoned traveler and was the starting time dog to wing in the motel of a domestic aircraft to U.k., a state that had previously barred service animals without extended quarantine.

Pax was born in the kennels of The Seeing Eye in the beautiful Washington Valley of New Jersey in March 2000. He lived with a puppy-raiser family for almost a year where he learned basic obedience and was exposed to the sights and sounds of community life—the same experiences he would shortly face up as a guide dog. He then went through 4 months of intensive training where he learned how to guide and ensure the safety of the person with whom he would exist matched. In November 2001 he was matched with his handler and they worked as a team until Pax's retirement in January 2012, after a long and successful career. Pax retired with his handler's family unit, where he lived with two other dogs. His life was full of play, long naps, and recreational walks until his death in January 2014.

It is the sincere promise of Pax's handler that this guide will be useful in improving the understanding about service animals, their purpose and role, their all-encompassing preparation, and the rights of their handlers to travel freely and to experience the same access to employment, public accommodations, transportation, and services that others take for granted.

I. Introduction

Individuals with disabilities may use service animals and emotional support animals for a diversity of reasons. This guide provides an overview of how major Federal ceremonious rights laws govern the rights of a person requiring a service beast. These laws, likewise as instructions on how to file a complaint, are listed in the final section of this publication. Many states also accept laws that provide a different definition of service animal. You should check your state's constabulary and follow the law that offers the most protection for service animals. The certificate discusses service animals in a number of different settings as the rules and allowances related to admission with service animals will vary according to the law practical and the setting.

Ii. Service Beast Defined by Championship Two and Title Three of the ADA

A service animal means whatsoever domestic dog that is individually trained to exercise work or perform tasks for the do good of an individual with a disability, including a physical, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual, or other mental inability. Tasks performed tin include, among other things, pulling a wheelchair, retrieving dropped items, alerting a person to a sound, reminding a person to take medication, or pressing an elevator button.

Emotional support animals, comfort animals, and therapy dogs are non service animals under Title II and Championship III of the ADA. Other species of animals, whether wild or domestic, trained or untrained, are non considered service animals either. The piece of work or tasks performed by a service creature must be directly related to the individual's inability. It does non thing if a person has a note from a doctor that states that the person has a inability and needs to have the animal for emotional back up. A physician'south letter of the alphabet does not plow an animal into a service animal.

Examples of animals that fit the ADA's definition of "service animate being" because they have been specifically trained to perform a job for the person with a inability:

· Guide Dog or Seeing Middle® Dog¹ is a carefully trained dog that serves as a travel tool for persons who take severe visual impairments or are blind.

· Hearing or Indicate Canis familiaris is a domestic dog that has been trained to alert a person who has a significant hearing loss or is deafened when a audio occurs, such as a knock on the door.

· Psychiatric Service Canis familiaris is a domestic dog that has been trained to perform tasks that assist individuals with disabilities to observe the onset of psychiatric episodes and lessen their effects. Tasks performed past psychiatric service animals may include reminding the handler to take medicine, providing safe checks or room searches, or turning on lights for persons with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, interrupting self-mutilation by persons with dissociative identity disorders, and keeping disoriented individuals from danger.

· SSigDOG (sensory bespeak dogs or social signal dog) is a dog trained to aid a person with autism. The dog alerts the handler to distracting repetitive movements common among those with autism, allowing the person to stop the movement (east.g., hand flapping).

· Seizure Response Canis familiaris is a dog trained to assist a person with a seizure disorder. How the domestic dog serves the person depends on the person's needs. The dog may stand up guard over the person during a seizure or the dog may get for help. A few dogs have learned to predict a seizure and warn the person in advance to sit down downward or move to a rubber identify.

Under Title II and III of the ADA, service animals are limited to dogs. Withal, entities must make reasonable modifications in policies to let individuals with disabilities to apply miniature horses if they take been individually trained to do work or perform tasks for individuals with disabilities.

Three. Other Support or Therapy Animals

While Emotional Support Animals or Comfort Animals are oft used as function of a medical treatment plan as therapy animals, they are not considered service animals under the ADA. These support animals provide companionship, relieve loneliness, and sometimes help with low, feet, and certain phobias, just exercise not have special training to perform tasks that assist people with disabilities. Fifty-fifty though some states have laws defining therapy animals, these animals are non limited to working with people with disabilities and therefore are not covered by federal laws protecting the apply of service animals. Therapy animals provide people with therapeutic contact, usually in a clinical setting, to meliorate their physical, social, emotional, and/or cognitive functioning.

Four. Handler's Responsibilities

The handler is responsible for the care and supervision of his or her service animal. If a service animal behaves in an unacceptable way and the person with a disability does not control the creature, a business or other entity does not have to permit the animal onto its premises. Uncontrolled barking, jumping on other people, or running away from the handler are examples of unacceptable behavior for a service animal. A business organisation has the right to deny admission to a domestic dog that disrupts their business organization. For example, a service dog that barks repeatedly and disrupts another patron's enjoyment of a movie could exist asked to leave the theater. Businesses, public programs, and transportation providers may exclude a service animal when the animal's beliefs poses a straight threat to the wellness or prophylactic of others. If a service creature is growling at other shoppers at a grocery store, the handler may be asked to remove the animal.

· The ADA requires the beast to exist nether the control of the handler. This tin can occur using a harness, ternion, or other tether. However, in cases where either the handler is unable to concur a tether because of a disability or its use would interfere with the service animal's safe, effective performance of work or tasks, the service animal must be under the handler's command by some other ways, such every bit voice control.^two

· The animal must be housebroken.³

· The ADA does not require covered entities to provide for the care or supervision of a service animal, including cleaning up after the animal.

· The animal should be vaccinated in accordance with state and local laws.

· An entity may also assess the type, size, and weight of a miniature horse in determining whether or not the equus caballus volition be allowed admission to the facility.

Five. Handler's Rights

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Titles II and 3 of the ADA makes it articulate that service animals are immune in public facilities and accommodations. A service animal must be allowed to accompany the handler to whatever place in the building or facility where members of the public, program participants, customers, or clients are immune. Fifty-fifty if the business concern or public programme has a "no pets" policy, it may not deny entry to a person with a service animal. Service animals are not pets. And then, although a "no pets" policy is perfectly legal, it does not let a business organisation to exclude service animals.

When a person with a service animate being enters a community facility or place of public adaptation, the person cannot be asked virtually the nature or extent of his disability. Merely two questions may exist asked:

1. Is the animal required because of a disability?

2. What work or task has the animal been trained to perform?

These questions should not exist asked, however, if the animal's service tasks are obvious. For instance, the questions may not be asked if the dog is observed guiding an private who is blind or has depression vision, pulling a person'due south wheelchair, or providing assistance with stability or balance to an individual with an observable mobility inability.^iv

A public adaptation or facility is non immune to ask for documentation or proof that the animal has been certified, trained, or licensed as a service creature. Local laws that prohibit specific breeds of dogs do not apply to service animals.⁵

A place of public adaptation or public entity may not inquire an individual with a inability to pay a surcharge, fifty-fifty if people accompanied by pets are required to pay fees. Entities cannot require anything of people with service animals that they do not require of individuals in general, with or without pets. If a public adaptation normally charges individuals for the damage they crusade, an individual with a inability may be charged for harm caused by his or her service animal.⁶

b) Employment

Laws prohibit employment discrimination because of a disability. Employers are required to provide reasonable accommodation. Allowing an individual with a disability to have a service beast or an emotional support animal back-trail them to work may exist considered an accommodation. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), which enforces the employment provisions of the ADA (Championship I), does not have a specific regulation on service animals.⁷ In the example of a service fauna or an emotional back up animal, if the inability is not obvious and/or the reason the brute is needed is not clear, an employer may request documentation to plant the beingness of a disability and how the fauna helps the individual perform his or her job.

Documentation might include a detailed clarification of how the animal would help the employee in performing job tasks and how the animal is trained to behave in the workplace. A person seeking such an accommodation may propose that the employer let the animate being to accompany them to work on a trial ground.

Both service and emotional support animals may be excluded from the workplace if they pose either an undue hardship or a directly threat in the workplace.

c) Housing

The Fair Housing Human activity (FHA) protects a person with a disability from discrimination in obtaining housing. Under this police, a landlord or homeowner'southward clan must provide reasonable accommodation to people with disabilities so that they have an equal opportunity to savor and use a home.^eightEmotional back up animals that do not qualify as service animals under the ADA may nevertheless qualify equally reasonable accommodations nether the FHA.⁹ In cases when a person with a disability uses a service fauna or an emotional back up brute, a reasonable accommodation may include waiving a no-pet rule or a pet deposit.^x This animal is not considered a pet.

A landlord or homeowner's association may non ask a housing applicant about the existence, nature, and extent of his or her disability. Yet, an private with a disability who requests a reasonable accommodation may be asked to provide documentation and so that the landlord or homeowner'due south association can properly review the accommodation request.^xi They tin ask a person to certify, in writing, (ane) that the tenant or a member of his or her family is a person with a disability; (2) the need for the animate being to help the person with that specific disability; and (3) that the animal actually assists the person with a disability. It is of import to keep in listen that the ADA may apply in the housing context too, for example with student housing. Where the ADA applies, requiring documentation or certification would not exist permitted with regard to an animal that qualifies as a "service animal."

d) Education

Service animals in public schools (K-12) ¹³ – The ADA permits a student with a inability who uses a service brute to have the animal at school. In improver, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Deed (IDEA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act permit a student to apply an beast that does not run into the ADA definition of a service animal if that student'southward Individual Educational activity Programme (IEP) or Section 504 team decides the animal is necessary for the student to receive a costless and appropriate educational activity. Where the ADA applies, however, schools should be mindful that the use of a service animal is a right that is not dependent upon the decision of an IEP or Department 504 team.¹⁴

Emotional support animals, therapy animals, and companion animals are seldom allowed to back-trail students in public schools. Indeed, the ADA does not contemplate the use of animals other than those meeting the definition of "service beast." Ultimately, the determination whether a student may utilise an animal other than a service animal should be made on a case-by-case basis past the IEP or Department 504 team.

Service animals in postsecondary didactics settings – Under the ADA, colleges and universities must allow people with disabilities to bring their service animals into all areas of the facility that are open to the public or to students.

Colleges and universities may have a policy request students who employ service animals to contact the school's Inability Services Coordinator to register as a pupil with a disability. Higher education institutions may non require any documentation about the training or certification of a service animal. They may, notwithstanding, crave proof that a service brute has any vaccinations required past country or local laws that apply to all animals.

east) Transportation

A person traveling with a service animal cannot be denied access to transportation, fifty-fifty if there is a "no pets" policy. In addition, the person with a service brute cannot exist forced to sit in a item spot; no additional fees tin can be charged because the person uses a service fauna; and the client does not have to provide advance notice that s/he will be traveling with a service animal.

The laws use to both public and private transportation providers and include subways, stock-still-route buses, Paratransit, rail, light-rail, taxicabs, shuttles and limousine services.

f) Air Travel

At the end of 2020, the U.Southward. Department of Transportation (DOT) appear that it revised its Air Carrier Access Act regulation on the transportation of service animals by air. We are working to update the information provided below to marshal with the changes. While nosotros take the fourth dimension to update our information, check out a summary of the changes available on DOT's website. Y'all tin can also find some boosted information in DOT's Aviation Consumer Protection's article about service animals.

The Air Carrier Access Human activity (ACAA) requires airlines to permit service animals and emotional support animals to accompany their handlers in the cabin of the aircraft.

Service animals – For evidence that an animate being is a service animal, air carriers may ask to run across identification cards, written documentation, presence of harnesses or tags, or ask for verbal assurances from the individual with a disability using the animal. If airline personnel are uncertain that an animal is a service animal, they may ask one of the post-obit:

1. What tasks or functions does your animal perform for you lot?

2. What has your animal been trained to practise for you?

three. Would you describe how the animal performs this chore for you? ^fifteen

Emotional support and psychiatric service animals – Individuals who travel with emotional support animals or psychiatric service animals may need to provide specific documentation to constitute that they take a disability and the reason the animal must travel with them. Individuals who wish to travel with their emotional support or psychiatric animals should contact the airline ahead of time to find out what kind of documentation is required.

Examples of documentation that may be requested by the airline: Current documentation (not more than than one year old) on letterhead from a licensed mental wellness professional stating (i) the passenger has a mental wellness-related disability listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM Four); (2) having the animal back-trail the passenger is necessary to the passenger's mental health or treatment; (three) the individual providing the assessment of the passenger is a licensed mental health professional and the passenger is under his or her professional person care; and (4) the appointment and type of the mental health professional'south license and the state or other jurisdiction in which it was issued.¹⁶ This documentation may be required as a condition of permitting the brute to back-trail the passenger in the cabin.

Other animals – According to the ACAA, airlines are not required otherwise to acquit animals of any kind either in the motel or in the cargo hold. Airlines are gratis to adopt whatsoever policy they choose regarding the carriage of pets and other animals (for case, search and rescue dogs) provided that they comply with other applicative requirements (for example, the Creature Welfare Act).

Animals such as miniature horses, pigs, and monkeys may be considered service animals. A carrier must decide on a instance-by-case basis according to factors such as the animal's size and weight; state and foreign country restrictions; whether or non the beast would pose a direct threat to the health or safety of others; or cause a central alteration in the motel service.¹⁷ Individuals should contact the airlines ahead of travel to discover out what is permitted.

Airlines are not required to ship unusual animals such as snakes, other reptiles, ferrets, rodents, and spiders. Strange carriers are not required to transport animals other than dogs.¹⁸

VI. Reaction/Response of Others

Allergies and fearfulness of dogs are non valid reasons for denying access or refusing service to people using service animals. If employees, fellow travelers, or customers are afraid of service animals, a solution may be to allow plenty space for that person to avert getting close to the service animal.

Near allergies to animals are caused by direct contact with the fauna. A separated space might be acceptable to avoid allergic reactions.

If a person is at risk of a significant allergic reaction to an brute, it is the responsibility of the business or government entity to find a mode to adapt both the individual using the service brute and the individual with the allergy.

VII. Service Animals in Training

a) Air Travel

The Air Carrier Access Deed (ACAA) does not allow "service animals in training" in the cabin of the aircraft because "in grooming" status indicates that they do not even so see the legal definition of service animal. Even so, similar pet policies, airline policies regarding service animals in grooming vary. Some airlines permit qualified trainers to bring service animals in training aboard an aircraft for grooming purposes. Trainers of service animals should consult with airlines and become familiar with their policies.

b) Employment

In the employment setting, employers may be obligated to permit employees to bring their "service beast in training" into the workplace as a reasonable accommodation, specially if the creature is being trained to assist the employee with work-related tasks. The untrained animal may be excluded, all the same, if it becomes a workplace disruption or causes an undue hardship in the workplace.

c) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Title Two and III of the ADA does not encompass "service animals in training" only several states have laws when they should be immune access.

VIII. Laws & Enforcement

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Title Ii of the ADA covers state and local government facilities, activities, and programs. Title III of the ADA covers places of public accommodations. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Human action covers federal government facilities, activities, and programs. Information technology also covers the entities that receive federal funding.

Title 2 and Title Iii Complaints – These can exist filed through private lawsuits in federal court or directed to the U.Due south. Department of Justice.

U.Southward. Department of Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northward.W.
Civil Rights Partition
Disability Rights Section – NYA
Washington, DC 20530
http://www.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (v)
800-514-0383 (TTY)

Section 504 Complaints – These must be made to the specific federal bureau that oversees the program or funding.

b) Employment

Title I of the ADA and Section 501 and Department 504 of the Rehabilitation Act prohibits discrimination in employment. The ADA covers individual employers with 15 or more employees; Section 501 applies to federal agencies, and Department 504 applies to any program or entity receiving federal financial help.

ADA Complaints - A person must file a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) inside 180 days of an alleged violation of the ADA. This borderline may be extended to 300 days if in that location is a state or local off-white employment practices agency that also has jurisdiction over this matter. Complaints may be filed in person, past mail, or by phone by contacting the nearest EEOC part. This number is listed in almost telephone directories nether "U.S. Government." For more information:

http://world wide web.eeoc.gov/contact/index.cfm
800-669-4000 (voice)
800-669-6820 (TTY)

Section 501 Complaints - Federal employees must contact their agency's Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) officer within 45 days of an alleged Section 501 violation.

Section 504 Complaints – These must be filed with the federal agency that funded the employer.

c) Housing

The Fair Housing Act (FHA), every bit amended in 1988, applies to housing. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in all housing programs and activities that are either conducted by the federal authorities or receive federal fiscal assistance. Title II of the ADA applies to housing provided by state or local government entities.

Complaints – Housing complaints may be filed with the Section of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity.

http://world wide web.hud.gov/fairhousing

800-669-9777 (voice)

800-927-9275 (TTY)

d) Teaching

Students with disabilities in public schools (Chiliad-12) are covered past Individuals with Disabilities Education Deed (Idea), Title II of the ADA, and Department 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Students with disabilities in public postsecondary teaching are covered by Title Two and Section 504. Championship III of the ADA applies to private schools (K-12 and mail-secondary) that are not operated by religious entities. Individual schools that receive federal funding are also covered by Department 504.

IDEA Complaints - Parents can request a due procedure hearing and a review from the country educational agency if applicable in that state. They likewise can entreatment the state bureau'due south decision to land or federal court. You may contact the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS) for further information or to provide your own thoughts and ideas on how they may meliorate serve individuals with disabilities, their families and their communities.

For more than information contact:

Office of Special Pedagogy and Rehabilitative Services

U.S. Department of Education

400 Maryland Avenue, Due south.W.

Washington, DC 20202-7100

202-245-7468 (vocalism)

Title Ii of the ADA and Section 504 Complaints - The Office for Civil Rights (OCR) in the Department of Education enforces Title 2 of the ADA and Section 504 as they apply to education. Those who have had access denied due to a service animal may file a complaint with OCR or file a private lawsuit in federal courtroom. An OCR complaint must exist filed within 180 calendar days of the date of the declared discrimination, unless the time for filing is extended for good crusade. Earlier filing an OCR complaint against an institution, an individual may desire to find out about the institution'southward grievance procedure and utilize that process to have the complaint resolved. However, an individual is not required past law to use the institutional grievance process before filing a complaint with OCR. If someone uses an institutional grievance process and then chooses to file the complaint with OCR, the complaint must be filed with OCR within sixty days after the last deed of the institutional grievance process.

For more information contact:

U.S. Department of Education

Office for Civil Rights

400 Maryland Avenue, S.Due west.

Washington, DC 20202-1100

Client Service: 800-421-3481 (voice)

800-877-8339 (TTY)

Electronic mail: OCR@ed.gov

http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/howto.html

Title III Complaints – These may be filed with the Section of Justice.

U.Due south. Section of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Avenue, Due north.Due west.

Civil Rights Division

Disability Rights Section – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://www.ada.gov/

800-514-0301 (v)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

eastward) Transportation

Championship 2 of the ADA applies to public transportation while Championship Three of the ADA applies to transportation provided by private entities. Department 504 of the Rehabilitation Act applies to federal entities and recipients of federal funding that provide transportation.

Championship II and Section 504 Complaints – These may be filed with the Federal Transit Administration's Office of Civil Rights. For more data, contact:

Manager, FTA Function of Civil Rights

Eastward Edifice – fifth Floor, TCR

1200 New Jersey Ave., Southward.E.

Washington, DC 20590
FTA ADA Assist Line: 888-446-4511 (Vocalism)
800-877-8339 (Federal Information Relay Service)
http://www.fta.dot.gov/civil_rights.html
http://www.fta.dot.gov/12874_3889.html (Complaint Course)

Title III Complaints – These may be filed with the Department of Justice.

U.S. Section of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.

Civil Rights Sectionalisation

Disability Rights Section – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://www.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (v)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

Note: A person does not have to file a complaint with the respective federal bureau before filing a lawsuit in federal court.

f) Air Transportation

The Air Carrier Access Deed (ACAA) covers airlines. Its regulations clarify what animals are considered service animals and explicate how each type of animal should exist treated.

ACAA complaints may exist submitted to the Department of Transportation's Aviation Consumer Protection Partitioning. Air travelers who experience disability-related air travel service issues may call the hotline at 800-778-4838 (vocalism) or 800- 455-9880 (TTY) to obtain assistance. Air travelers who would like the Section of Transportation (DOT) to investigate a complaint about a disability issue must submit their complaint in writing or via email to:

Aviation Consumer Protection Partitioning
Attn: C-75-D
U.S. Section of Transportation
1200 New Jersey Ave, Due south.E.
Washington, DC 20590

For additional data and questions about your rights under any of these laws, contact your regional ADA middle at 800-949-4232 (voice/TTY).

Acknowledgements

The contents of this booklet were developed by the Southwest ADA Centre under a grant (#H133A110027) from the Section of Education's National Plant on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR). However, those contents do non necessarily represent the policy of the Department of Pedagogy and yous should not assume endorsement past the Federal Government.

Southwest ADA Eye at ILRU
TIRR Memorial Hermann Research Centre
1333 Moursund St.
Houston, Texas 77030
713.520.0232 (voice/TTY)
800.949.4232 (voice/TTY)
http://world wide web.southwestada.org

The Southwest ADA Heart is a program of ILRU (Independent Living Research Utilization) at TIRR Memorial Hermann. The Southwest ADA Middle is part of a national network of ten regional ADA Centers that provide up-to-date information, referrals, resources, and training on the Americans with Disabilities Human action (ADA). The centers serve a variety of audiences, including businesses, employers, government entities, and individuals with disabilities. Call 1-800-949-4232 v/tty to reach the center that serves your region or visit http://www.adata.org.

This book is printed courtesy of the ADA National Network. The Southwest ADA Center would like to thank Jacquie Brennan (author), Ramin Taheri, Richard Picayune, Kathy Gips, Emerge Weiss, Wendy Strobel Gower, Erin Marie Sember-Chase, Marian Vessels, and the ADA Noesis Translation Centre at the University of Washington for their contributions to this booklet.

Principal Investigator: Lex Frieden
Projection Director: Vinh Nguyen
Publication staff: Maria DelBosque, Marisa Demaya, and George Powers

[ane] http://world wide web.seeingeye.org

[two] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(4); 28 C.F.,R. § 35.136(d).

[3] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(2); 28 C.F.,R. §35.136(b)(2).

[iv] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(vi).

[5] See 28 C.F.R. Pt. 35, App. A; Sak v. Aurelia, City of, C 11-4111-MWB (N.D. Iowa Dec. 28, 2011)

[6] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(8).

[vii] 29 C.F.R. Pt. 1630 App. The EEOC, in the Interpretive Guidance accompanying the regulations, stated that guide dogs may be an adaptation..."For example, information technology would exist a reasonable accommodation for an employer to permit an individual who is bullheaded to use a guide dog at work, even though the employer would not exist required to provide a guide dog for the employee."

[8] 42 U.Due south.C. § 3604(f)(3)(B).

[9] Fair Housing of the Dakotas, Inc. v. Goldmark Prop. Mgmt., Inc., 3:09-cv-58 (D.N.D. Mar. thirty, 2011): "… the FHA encompasses all types of assistance animals regardless of training, including those that ameliorate a physical disability and those that ameliorate a mental disability."

[10] Run across Bronk v. Ineichen, 54 F.3d 425, 428-429 (7th Cir. 1995); HUD v. Purkett, FH-FL 19372 (HUDALJ July 31, 1990) Green five. Housing Authorisation of Clackamas County, 994 F.Supp. 1253 (D. Ore. 1998).

[xi] Hawn v. Shoreline Towers Phase i Condominium Clan, Inc., 347 Fed. Appx. 464 (11th Cir. 2009).

[12] Run into "Pet Buying for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities", 73 Federal Annals 208 (27 October 2008), pp. 63834-63838; United States. (2004). Reasonable Accommodations under the Off-white Housing Act: Joint Statement of the Department of Housing and Urban Development and Department of Justice. Washington, D.C: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Department of Justice [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 03/06/2014 from http://www.justice.gov/crt/most/hce/jointstatement_ra.php.

[thirteen] Private schools that are non operated by religious entities are considered public accommodations. Please refer to Section V(a).

[14] Sullivan v. Vallejo Urban center Unified Sch. Dist., 731 F. Supp. 947 (Eastward.D. Cal. 1990).

[15] "Guidance Concerning Service Animals in Air Transportation", 68 Federal Register ninety (9 May 2003), p. 24875.

[xvi] 14 C.F.R. § 382.117(east).

[17] fourteen C.F.R. § 382.117(f).

[18] Id.